Ten major classification methods of excavators
1. backhoe excavator
The backhoe type is the most common we have seen, moving backwards and downwards, forcing the soil to be cut. It can be used for excavation below the shutdown working surface. The basic operation methods include: trench end excavation, trench side excavation, straight line excavation, curve excavation, excavation at a certain angle, ultra-deep trench excavation, trench slope excavation, etc.
2. Front shovel excavator
The shoveling action pattern of a front shovel excavator. Its characteristic is "moving forward and upward, forcing the soil to be cut". The front shovel has a strong digging force and can excavate soil above the stopping surface. It is suitable for excavating dry foundation pits with a height greater than 2m, but up and down ramps must be provided. The bucket of a front shovel is larger than that of a backhoe of the same size. It can excavate Class I to Class III soil with a moisture content of no more than 27%, and can be used in conjunction with a dump truck to complete the entire excavation and transportation operation. It can also excavate Large dry foundation pits and mounds, etc. The excavation method of the front shovel excavator depends on the relative position of the excavation route and the transport vehicle. There are two ways of excavation and unloading: forward excavation and side unloading; forward excavation and reverse unloading. Unload soil to the direction.
3. dragline excavator
A dragline excavator is also called a dragline excavator. Its digging characteristics are: "backward and downward, cutting the soil under its own weight." It is suitable for excavation of Class I and II soil below the stopping surface. When working, the inertial force is used to throw the bucket out, digging farther, with a larger digging radius and digging depth, but it is not as flexible and accurate as a backhoe. It is especially suitable for excavation of large and deep foundation pits or underwater excavation.
4. Grab shovel excavator
A grab shovel excavator is also called a grab excavator. Its digging characteristics are: "straight up and down, cutting the soil under its own weight." It is suitable for excavation of Class I and II soil below the stopping surface. It is often used for excavation of foundation pits, caissons, etc. in soft soil areas. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pits, dredging old channels, digging silt from water, etc., or for loading loose materials such as gravel, slag, etc. There are two types of excavation methods: trench side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grab is made into a grid shape, it can also be used in the wood storage yard to load ore blocks, wood chips, timber, etc.
The vast majority of today's excavators are fully hydraulic full-rotation excavators. Hydraulic excavators are mainly composed of engines, hydraulic systems, working devices, traveling devices and electrical controls. The hydraulic system consists of hydraulic pumps, control valves, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, pipelines, fuel tanks, etc. The electrical control system includes monitoring panels, engine control systems, pump control systems, various sensors, solenoid valves, etc.
Hydraulic excavators generally consist of three parts: working device, upper body and lower body. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into: crawler type, tire type, walking type, fully hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotation, non-full rotation, general type, special type, articulated type, telescopic arm type and other types.
The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is articulated by three parts: boom, bucket, and bucket. In order to meet the needs of various construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as excavation, lifting, loading, leveling, clamping, bulldozing, impact hammers, rotary drills and other working tools.
The slewing and traveling device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the turntable is equipped with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of hydraulic excavators. Most of them use diesel. If the location is convenient, electric motors can also be used.
The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to actuators such as hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders through hydraulic pumps to promote the movement of working devices to complete various operations.
